1 Zakład Bioinformatyki, Instytut Informatyki, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
✉ Correspondence: Jarosław Kotowicz <j.kotowicz@uwb.edu.pl>
set.seed(20200423)
x <- rnorm(100, mean = 3, sd = 5)
set.seed(20200423)
y <- runif(100, -2, 2)
set.seed(20200423)
z <- rnorm(100, mean = 1, sd = 2)
    One Sample t-test
data:  x
t = 8.9586, df = 99, p-value = 2.039e-14
alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
 3.245063 5.091516
sample estimates:
mean of x 
 4.168289 
Interpretacja wyniku!
    One Sample t-test
data:  x
t = 2.5109, df = 99, p-value = 0.01366
alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 3
95 percent confidence interval:
 3.245063 5.091516
sample estimates:
mean of x 
 4.168289 
Interpretacja wyniku!
    One Sample t-test
data:  x
t = 2.5109, df = 99, p-value = 0.9932
alternative hypothesis: true mean is less than 3
95 percent confidence interval:
     -Inf 4.940844
sample estimates:
mean of x 
 4.168289 
Interpretacja wyniku!
    One Sample t-test
data:  x
t = 2.5109, df = 99, p-value = 0.006831
alternative hypothesis: true mean is greater than 3
95 percent confidence interval:
 3.395734      Inf
sample estimates:
mean of x 
 4.168289 
Interpretacja wyniku!
    Welch Two Sample t-test
data:  x[1:50] and x[51:100]
t = 0.16905, df = 97.965, p-value = 0.8661
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
 -1.697727  2.013916
sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y 
 4.247336  4.089242 
Interpretacja wyniku!
    Anderson-Darling normality test
data:  x
A = 0.33084, p-value = 0.5095
Interpretacja wyniku!
    Cramer-von Mises normality test
data:  x
W = 0.051848, p-value = 0.4809
Interpretacja wyniku!
    Lilliefors (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) normality test
data:  x
D = 0.066694, p-value = 0.3357
Interpretacja wyniku!
    Pearson chi-square normality test
data:  x
P = 19.86, p-value = 0.03061
Interpretacja wyniku!
Niepoprawny sposób wywołania! Testuje z domyślnymi wartościami parametrów!
    One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
data:  x
D = 0.64989, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: two-sided
Poprawne sposób wywołania!
    One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
data:  x
D = 0.11549, p-value = 0.1388
alternative hypothesis: two-sided
Interpretacja wyniku!
[1] 4.168289
[1] 4.65285
    One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
data:  x
D = 0.062321, p-value = 0.8321
alternative hypothesis: two-sided
Interpretacja wyniku!
    One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
data:  y
D = 0.10912, p-value = 0.1847
alternative hypothesis: two-sided
Interpretacja wyniku!
    Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
data:  x and z
D = 0.42, p-value = 4.366e-08
alternative hypothesis: two-sided
Interpretacja wyniku!
    Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
data:  x and z
D^- = 0.42, p-value = 2.183e-08
alternative hypothesis: the CDF of x lies below that of y
Interpretacja wyniku!
    Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
data:  x and z
D^+ = 0.08, p-value = 0.5273
alternative hypothesis: the CDF of x lies above that of y
Interpretacja wyniku!
Trzeba odpowiednio przygotować dane!
Błąd w poleceniu 'chisq.test(x)':
  wszystkie wpisy 'x' muszą być nieujemne oraz skończone
Wstęp do kubełkowania, czyli jak dobrze doprać punkty podziału zbioru wartości próbki!
 [1] -7.7008496 -6.7008496 -5.7008496 -4.7008496 -3.7008496 -2.7008496 -1.7008496 -0.7008496  0.2991504  1.2991504
[11]  2.2991504  3.2991504  4.2991504  5.2991504  6.2991504  7.2991504  8.2991504  9.2991504 10.2991504 11.2991504
[21] 12.2991504 13.2991504 14.2991504 15.2991504
Kubełkowanie, czyli jak ze zmiennej ciągłej zrobić zmienną czynnikową
  [1] (1.3,2.3]      (-0.701,0.299] (5.3,6.3]      (-0.701,0.299] (14.3,15.3]    (7.3,8.3]      (-2.7,-1.7]   
  [8] (1.3,2.3]      (6.3,7.3]      (1.3,2.3]      (-0.701,0.299] (7.3,8.3]      (-2.7,-1.7]    (10.3,11.3]   
 [15] (-2.7,-1.7]    (13.3,14.3]    (15.3,16.3]    (9.3,10.3]     (3.3,4.3]      (10.3,11.3]    (3.3,4.3]     
 [22] (6.3,7.3]      (3.3,4.3]      (11.3,12.3]    (1.3,2.3]      (2.3,3.3]      (6.3,7.3]      (-1.7,-0.701] 
 [29] (7.3,8.3]      (2.3,3.3]      (4.3,5.3]      (6.3,7.3]      (3.3,4.3]      (8.3,9.3]      (2.3,3.3]     
 [36] (0.299,1.3]    (1.3,2.3]      (6.3,7.3]      (0.299,1.3]    (-2.7,-1.7]    (1.3,2.3]      (8.3,9.3]     
 [43] (-0.701,0.299] (-1.7,-0.701]  (1.3,2.3]      (5.3,6.3]      (1.3,2.3]      (5.3,6.3]      (2.3,3.3]     
 [50] (-1.7,-0.701]  (5.3,6.3]      (4.3,5.3]      (7.3,8.3]      (-0.701,0.299] (-0.701,0.299] (4.3,5.3]     
 [57] (2.3,3.3]      (10.3,11.3]    (13.3,14.3]    (0.299,1.3]    (2.3,3.3]      (3.3,4.3]      (12.3,13.3]   
 [64] (9.3,10.3]     (-5.7,-4.7]    (4.3,5.3]      (-2.7,-1.7]    (6.3,7.3]      (-2.7,-1.7]    (3.3,4.3]     
 [71] (5.3,6.3]      (7.3,8.3]      (0.299,1.3]    (2.3,3.3]      (0.299,1.3]    (-7.7,-6.7]    (6.3,7.3]     
 [78] (7.3,8.3]      (2.3,3.3]      (11.3,12.3]    (1.3,2.3]      (4.3,5.3]      (3.3,4.3]      (1.3,2.3]     
 [85] (5.3,6.3]      (5.3,6.3]      (-1.7,-0.701]  (-0.701,0.299] (9.3,10.3]     (5.3,6.3]      (2.3,3.3]     
 [92] (-2.7,-1.7]    (-5.7,-4.7]    (6.3,7.3]      (10.3,11.3]    (7.3,8.3]      (1.3,2.3]      (7.3,8.3]     
 [99] (2.3,3.3]      (5.3,6.3]     
24 Levels: (-7.7,-6.7] (-6.7,-5.7] (-5.7,-4.7] (-4.7,-3.7] (-3.7,-2.7] (-2.7,-1.7] ... (15.3,16.3]
Aproksymacja chi-kwadrat mo戼㹦e by攼㸶 niepoprawna
    Chi-squared test for given probabilities
data:  xx
X-squared = 65.12, df = 23, p-value = 6.727e-06
Interpretacja wyniku!
愼㸳adowanie wymaganego pakietu: grid
Observed and fitted values for binomial distribution
with fixed parameters 
 count observed fitted pearson residual
     0       60     70        -1.195229
     1       40     30         1.825742
Interpretacja wyniku!
Aproksymacja chi-kwadrat mo戼㹦e by攼㸶 niepoprawna
    Chi-squared test for given probabilities
data:  a
X-squared = 60, df = 99, p-value = 0.9993
Interpretacja wyniku!
        wartosci grupa
 [1,]  1.9370821     0
 [2,] -0.3536600     0
 [3,]  5.7540513     0
 [4,] -0.5273656     1
 [5,] 14.9846370     1
 [6,]  7.4107111     0
 [7,] -2.1444124     0
 [8,]  1.9466011     1
 [9,]  6.7705272     1
[10,]  1.4558207     1
Do戼㸳戼㸹czanie pakietu: 㤼㸱MASS㤼㸲
Nast攼㹡puj戼㸹cy obiekt zosta戼㸳 zakryty z 㤼㸱package:dplyr㤼㸲:
    select
Nast攼㹡puj戼㸹cy obiekt zosta戼㸳 zakryty z 㤼㸱dane㤼㸲:
    Insurance
set.seed(20200430)
x.norm <- rnorm(100, mean = 1, sd =2)
set.seed(20200430)
x.lnorm <- rlnorm(100, meanlog = .1, sdlog = 2)     mean        sd 
0.8082532 1.8567991 
    meanlog       sdlog 
-0.09174678  1.85679914 
     meanlog        sdlog   
  -0.09174678    1.85679914 
 ( 0.18567991) ( 0.13129553)
wyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaNwyprodukowano warto㤼㹣ci NaN
     shape         rate   
  0.36923824   0.06654028 
 (0.04194398) (0.01330221)
daneMieszkania <- read_delim("http://www.biecek.pl/R/dane/daneMieszkania.csv", 
                             ";", escape_double = FALSE, trim_ws = TRUE)Parsed with column specification:
cols(
  cena = [32mcol_double()[39m,
  pokoi = [32mcol_double()[39m,
  powierzchnia = [32mcol_double()[39m,
  dzielnica = [31mcol_character()[39m,
  `typ budynku` = [31mcol_character()[39m
)
      cena            pokoi       powierzchnia         dzielnica      typ budynku
 Min.   : 83280   Min.   :1.00   Min.   :17.00   Biskupin   :65   kamienica :61  
 1st Qu.:143304   1st Qu.:2.00   1st Qu.:31.15   Krzyki     :79   niski blok:63  
 Median :174935   Median :3.00   Median :43.70   Srodmiescie:56   wiezowiec :76  
 Mean   :175934   Mean   :2.55   Mean   :46.20                                   
 3rd Qu.:208741   3rd Qu.:3.00   3rd Qu.:61.40                                   
 Max.   :295762   Max.   :4.00   Max.   :87.70                                   
Analysis of Variance Table
Response: cena
           Df     Sum Sq    Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)   
dzielnica   2 1.7995e+10 8997691613  5.0456 0.007294 **
Residuals 197 3.5130e+11 1783263361                    
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
Interpretacja wyniku!